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The triangle is one of the core parts of the circular knitting machine. Its main function is to control the movement and the movement of the knitting needles and the sinkers. It can be roughly divided into the full needle (circle) and the triangle (half the needle). Triangle, plain (float) triangle and sinker triangle.
The overall quality of the triangle, will have a great impact on the circular knitting machine and fabric, so pay special attention to the following points in the purchase of the triangle:
First of all, we must choose the corresponding triangular curve for different fabric and fabric requirements. As the designer pursues different fabric styles and focuses differently, the triangle face curve will be different.
Secondly, because the knitting needle (or sinker) and the trigonometric sliding friction at high speeds for a long time, individual process points also have to withstand high-frequency impact, so the raw materials and heat treatment process used in the triangle are very important. Therefore, the triangular raw materials are generally selected national standard Cr12MoV (Taiwan standard / Japanese standard SKD11), the material hardenability, quenching deformation is small, quenched after the hardness, strength, toughness are more suitable for the requirements of the triangle. The quenching hardness of the triangle is generally HRC 63.5±1. Excessively high or low hardness of the triangle can have adverse effects.
In addition, the roughness of the triangular curve work surface is very important, it really determines whether the triangle is easy to use and durable. The roughness of the triangular curve work surface is determined by comprehensive factors such as processing equipment, cutting tools, processing technology, and cutting (the individual manufacturers have extremely low triangle prices and usually make a fuss about this link). The roughness of the triangular curve working surface is generally determined as Ra≤0.8 μm. Roughness of the work surface roughness can cause grinding, needle injection, triangle fever and other phenomena.
In addition, pay attention to the relative position and accuracy of the triangular holes, keyways, shapes, and curves, which may cause undesirable effects.
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Since the end of this month, all kinds of filament yarn knitted fabrics in China Textile City have been introduced more and more in stock. The overall sales volume has continued to expand. With the weakening of the summer heat, all kinds of filament knitting circular knitting machines mainly used for the autumn and winter clothing are mainly sold in China Textile City. The warp knitting fabrics, weft knitting fabrics and spot launches have started to increase. Scattered appeared, the sales volume of small batches of large batches in a few days, clothing filament yarn knitted single-layer fabric, double-layer composite fabrics, lined with auxiliary varieties such as the new growth. Among them, FDY118D Knitting Machine has been sold for sale in the season, with a small batch of swimsuit fabrics, which are still popular in the near future. There are many garment manufacturers and secondary goods to be added. A small number of major professional new FDY75D dresses knitted weft knitting "Bai Quan crepe" new popular, some of the printing counterparts began to increase transaction. DTY, FDY and POY cashmere inductive knitting machine, with a new flower pattern counterparts subscribe, and repeated in the batch. Suede apparel knit fabrics overall orders and delivery volume began to grow steadily, and apparel knitted warp knitted fabrics, weft knitted fabrics to become a new growth since late. In the early days of the next few days, the turnover of various types of knitted fabrics dominated by various types of filament apparel in China Textile City rose mainly, but the short-term increase was still modest.
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Since the end of this month, all kinds of filament yarn knitted fabrics in China Textile City have been introduced more and more in stock. The overall sales volume has continued to expand. With the weakening of the summer heat, all kinds of filament knitting circular knitting machines mainly used for the autumn and winter clothing are mainly sold in China Textile City. The warp knitting fabrics, weft knitting fabrics and spot launches have started to increase. Scattered appeared, the sales volume of small batches of large batches in a few days, clothing filament yarn knitted single-layer fabric, double-layer composite fabrics, lined with auxiliary varieties such as the new growth. Among them, FDY118D Knitting Machine has been sold for sale in the season, with a small batch of swimsuit fabrics, which are still popular in the near future. There are many garment manufacturers and secondary goods to be added. A small number of major professional new FDY75D dresses knitted weft knitting "Bai Quan crepe" new popular, some of the printing counterparts began to increase transaction. DTY, FDY and POY cashmere inductive knitting machine, with a new flower pattern counterparts subscribe, and repeated in the batch. Suede apparel knit fabrics overall orders and delivery volume began to grow steadily, and apparel knitted warp knitted fabrics, weft knitted fabrics to become a new growth since late. In the early days of the next few days, the turnover of various types of knitted fabrics dominated by various types of filament apparel in China Textile City rose mainly, but the short-term increase was still modest.
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Sweater industry is a great potential for development of the industry. With the change of people's lifestyle and the pursuit of comfort and personalization, the prospect of sweater sales is good. As knitted sweaters processing industry is labor-intensive industries, relatively low labor resources so that China's exports of knitted sweaters in the price has a certain competitive advantage. Coupled with the improvement of domestic processing level, our country has become a veritable knit sweater exporter. In recent years, with the introduction of various foreign computerized flat knitting machines, sweaters processing enterprises produce unique sweaters products is no longer a problem. However, in the production and processing, due to the piece of clothing and sleeves with a mouth machine connected, and this completely rely on the car to stop workers at a glance to the needle, coupled with the market now on the high machine number of products pro-Lai, making this session Became the bottleneck of sweater processing enterprises. Therefore, to improve the production efficiency of sweaters and product quality and added value, strive for early access to the international wool knitwear in the high-end market, has always been the direction of the sweaters enterprises. Zhejiang Yuxi Knitting Co., Ltd. is a specialized manufacturer of all kinds of cotton, polyester-cotton and polyester-polyester products such as jersey, spandex jersey, cotton cloth and pearl cashmere. For the sweater industry status quo, the company produced a new fabric with good elasticity and soft, smooth, breathable, breathable and other characteristics. Through the use of raw materials, the organizational structure of the process design and finishing techniques and other means, the company produced a stretch sweater fabric series. This product has the similarities and differences with the ordinary sweater, and can be cut and formed by processing, which avoids the sleeve opening process and greatly reduces the processing time of the sweater. Because it is fabric production, so you can use the method of billet, can reduce processing costs. At the same time, but also in this fabric printing and other follow-up processing, so that products can be produced with flat knitting comparable. Raw material application Yuxi knitting company widely uses the raw material spun yarn, has the different spinning method and the raw material blending proportion of many kinds of specification components, should first decide according to the application style and the customer request the effect which achieves, and through the optimized contrast uses the new type spinning . For example jet spinning yarn has a stiff, uniform, smooth, short hair and other characteristics. Raw materials used in different proportions of PTT / viscose, wool / nylon / viscose fibers, so that fabrics with warmth and softness, memory, functional requirements of the elements are integrated into the design of knitted fabrics. Structure of the organizational structure of the market Knitting machine sweater most of the rough style, application of knitting needles and raw materials in the preparation of 8 to 12 pins / inch. Yuxi knitting company try to apply production on the big circular machine, adjusted from syringes to knitting needles, triangles and other equipment, so that the fabric has a fine, thick (warm good) special style. At the same time, the fabric has a vertical and horizontal elasticity of the process, the performance of low-key luxury design. Finishing technology to update the sweater pilling requirements of a higher pilling (≥ 3), ordinary circular machine can not meet the requirements of the fabric. Therefore, the company focused on tackling the problem of raising the pilling index to the level specified by the customer through two different processes. (A) alkali reduction treatment to achieve the purpose of removing short hair. (B) the combination of soft processing and pilling Pilling finishing, fabric feel and anti-pilling Pill meet customer requirements. Choose what finishing process, mainly based on customer style and cost of fabric considerations. Such as fabric to have a two-color effect, you need to use one bath two-step method and two-bath process, dyeing equipment at high temperature and pressure and alternating at room temperature and pressure, pilling the pilling effect according to the customer's style requirements. Elastic sweater fabric in the apparel design and application of clothing as sweaters to the fashion, multi-functional direction, sewing equipment used knitted, woven sewing machine combination of means. With a little rib application, the relative stitching, two-color effect applications, so that the fabric has a concise, underwear Waichuan and other styles. Elastic sweater fabric variety of diverse varieties, width 130 ~ 160cm, weight in the 200 ~ 300g / m2 or so. In the first half of this year, these new varieties participated in the Beijing International Fabrics Fair, attracting many experts. Since then, the fabric after the trial of corporate clients, has been well received. (□ Donghua University Zhao Li Zhejiang Yuxi Knitting Co., Ltd. Wu Jiafu Ho plot)
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The biggest disadvantage of the bag filter is that it needs to replace the dust removal accessory - dust filter bag regularly. In the past, due to the small variety of filter materials in the dust removal system, poor quality, and insufficient technical clearance of the bag, the replacement cycle was short and continuously increased. The operation cost and maintenance workload are large, which brings inconvenience to users. Today, the variety and quality of filter materials in my country have improved. The technique of sewing bags has also improved a lot. The life of the filter bag is increased to more than two years, or even longer, to meet user requirements. Therefore, bag filters will develop rapidly in the next decade. In the 1950s, my country's bag filter was mainly used in the Soviet Union. In the 1960s and 1970s, some design and research institutions were imitating the pulsed mechanical rotary blowback flat bags in the United States, Japan and other countries. Dust collectors are mainly self-produced products. Current environmental protection standards require that the emission concentration must be lower than tens of milligrams per standard cubic meter. In terms of dust removal performance, there are generally only bag filter and electrostatic precipitator. sufficient. The electrostatic precipitator has a small pressure loss during operation, and is mostly used to collect excess air volume in industries such as electric power, steel, cement, and pulp. However, it has been replaced by bag filters in other high-volume applications. Due to the large amount of bag filter used, the requirements for dust removal accessories are becoming more and more strict. The quality of dust removal accessories directly affects the use of the entire dust collector. Keda Environmental Protection Co., Ltd. specializes in the production of dust collectors and supporting dust removal accessories to ensure the normal dust removal efficiency of the equipment.
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The start-up of the circular knitting machine will leave a mark in the weft direction of the woven fabric. This type of trace differs depending on the type of fabric, the condition of the loom, etc. Generally, there will be a fine line of indentation, and the line of weaving between the weaving machine and the machine before and after the machine stops will be obvious; sometimes there will be wider traces and the loom. The difference between woven fabrics before and after the shutdown is not very obvious.
After the fabric is dyed, there is a certain color difference between the position with the mark of the stop mark and the normal production of the fabric without shutdown. If the marks of the occurrence of the stop mark occur frequently and the degree is serious, the normal cutting and use of the fabric will be affected and waste will be formed.
Causes of stop marks
There are many reasons for the creation of a stop mark:
1. The abrupt change in the amount of yarn to be fed causes the yarn tension to be uneven, thereby changing the shape and size of the coil to form a stop mark;
2. The relative swing between the transmission gear and the main shaft will cause the drive gear positioning groove and the drive shaft positioning pin to wear. In severe cases, the gear shaft will be worn and become larger, which will affect the yarn tension caused by the stop mark;
3. The relative slippage between the yarn feeding amount adjusting disc and the yarn storage device's driving belt. As the yarn feeding quantity regulates the wear of the rubber particles in the disc and the storage belt, or the pressure between the transmission belt and the rubber particles is insufficient, the loom during the shutdown and start-up process. The rapid change of the running speed causes the friction coefficient between the rubber particles and the conveyor belt to become smaller, resulting in relative slipping, resulting in a change in the number of yarns per unit rotation, and further affecting the yarn tension to form a running mark.
4. The abrasion of the gear teeth of the accumulator or the filling of the batt and the wear of the conveyor belt cause the relative slippage of the yarn accumulator and the conveyor during the stoppage and start-up of the loom, resulting in a reduction in the number of yarns per unit of yarn traverse or Increase to form a stop mark.
In this case, the width of the stop mark is wider, which is also caused by the change in the length of the coil. The coil length generally varies by 2% to 8%. The other relevant transmission belts in the yarn feeding system are too loose, and the wear will also cause the non-uniform tension to form a stop mark when the machine stops and starts.
Ways to improve the track
In general, the methods for improving the stop marks include extending the deceleration time of the loom, increasing the billet force, reducing the virtual position of the uprising lever of the tribrach, and the selection of the model.
The longer the loom is in the process of deceleration, the smaller the swing rate of change between the gears and the relative sliding change rate of the belt, so that the tension of the yarn is not changed too quickly and the degree of the stop mark is reduced. The longer the braking time, the longer the loom will continue to run after the yarn break. Due to the limitation of yarn storage capacity, the general braking time is set to 1.5 seconds to 1.8 seconds, so as to ensure that the yarn will not cause rot. .
The improvement of the stop mark can also be achieved by reducing the imaginary position of the riser of the delta chassis. That is, the meshing clearance between the gears and the relative swing gears between the gears and the shafts is reduced, and the virtual position between the needles and the triangles is reduced (leaf bed virtual position). In order to ensure the normal operation of the loom, the virtual position of the leaf bed can generally be controlled at about 0.1 mm.
At present, most machine-type syringe triangular bases use a central lifting device, and the virtual support positions of each rising point support rod are large, and even when the knitting needle rotates rapidly, the triangle seat is thrown to cause a tension change. Properly reducing the virtual position of the support rod not only ensures normal use of the central lift, but also does not cause the triangular seat to be thrown too severely. When the loom rotates normally, the throwing volume on the triangular plate is generally controlled within 0.03 mm.
Most of today's circular knitting machines use wear plates to replace the design of steel wire racetracks. After the normal use of the wire ball type bead round machine for 3 to 5 years due to the wear of the bead and the steel wire runway, the loom drifts severely during the acceleration and deceleration operation, thereby increasing the severity of the stop mark. Therefore, when choosing a model, production companies should try to avoid selecting enough models, and they should choose a model with good precision and well-designed design.
Reading extension:
Knitting circular knitting machine , scientific name is knitted circular weft knitting machine (or circular knitting machine). Because it has many coiling systems, high rotation speed, high output, rapid flower shape change, good fabric quality, few processes, and strong product adaptability, it has developed rapidly.
The knitting circular knitting machine is divided into two types according to the types of fabrics it produces. There are two kinds of single-sided knitting circular knitting machines and double-sided knitting circular knitting machines. The single-sided series of knitting circular knitting machines can be divided into several types, such as ordinary single-side knitting circular knitting machines, single-sided circular knitting machines, three-line weft insertion machines, and jacquard single-side knitting circular knitting machines.
Ordinary single-knit circular knitting machine has a large number of turns, high rotation speed, and high output. Ordinary single-knit circular knitting machines have single-track (one runway), two-needle, three-needle, four-needle, and six-needle machines. Most of the knitting machines currently use a four-needle single-sided circular knitting machine. It is the use of knitting needles and triangle organic combination to weave a variety of new fabrics.
One-sided terry machine is also called single towel machine. It has a single-needle, double-needle, four-needle, four-needle machine model, and has a positive terry looper and a reverse terry looper. It uses the arrangement of sinkers and yarns to weave a new type of fabric.
The three-wire weft insertion machine is called a sweater machine or a fleece machine in the knitting enterprise. It has single-needle, double-needle, and four-needle models that are used to produce various types of pull-pile and pull-free fleece products. It is the use of knitting needles and arranged yarns to produce new fabrics.
The double-knit circular knitting machine is a circular knitting machine with two syringes, namely an upper cylinder (commonly known as a dial plate) and a lower cylinder. The dial plate and the cylinder are arranged at 90 degrees vertically. It mainly includes the following types: rib machine, ordinary double-sided circular knitting machine, jacquard double-knit circular knitting machine.
Ribbing machine is a special model of double-sided circular knitting machine. It has 11 needle tracks (a needle track in the dial, a needle track in the barrel), (2 2) needle tracks, (2 4) needle tracks, and (4 4) needle tracks.
Ordinary double-sided circular knitting machine, also known as cotton wool machine, multi-function machine, universal knitting machine, etc., it has 11 needle path (a needle path of the dial, a needle path of the needle cylinder), (2 2) needle path, (2 4) Needle track and (4 4) needle track. At present, companies that have newly introduced knitting circular knitting machines generally produce more varieties of flowers. Most of the imported equipment is mainly (24) needle-and-ball knitting machines. It uses the mutual arrangement of triangles and knitting needles and yarn arrangement. Weaving to produce new knitted fabrics.
The double-sided jacquard knitting circular knitting machine has two types, a small jacquard machine and a large jacquard machine. Among them, the small jacquard knitting circular knitting machine is referred to as a mechanical jacquard machine in the knitting enterprise. It has the advantages of simple, convenient, and quick change of variety, and its disadvantage is that it has low rotation speed and low output.
The large-scale double-sided jacquard knitting circular knitting machine is commonly known as the computerized jacquard circular knitting machine, because it is the design and production of a good floppy disk inserted into the computer, the input program can be weaving production, it is also known as the fool big circle machine.
The computerized jacquard knitting circular knitting machine has greatly shortened the product design cycle. Its product cost is lower, and the product quality is greatly improved. The economic and social benefits of the enterprise can be significantly improved, and at the same time, the competitiveness and resilience of the enterprise can also be improved.
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This phenomenon generally occurs for three reasons. They are raw, woven and dyed. When the spandex phenomenon occurs after dyeing and finishing, the cloth sample should be disassembled and the damage of spandex should be carefully observed. If the cross section of the spandex yarn is zigzag, it means that the spandex yarn is damaged before dyeing and finishing, and the spandex breaks when the fabric is stressed during the dyeing and finishing process; if the span cross section of the spandex yarn is spherical, it is because the spandex yarn is dyed Time. There is a problem with the quality of the weld or the spandex itself.
1 Raw material problem
Different spinning methods have different properties of spandex. For example, dry spinning spandex has good elongation and slightly poor recovery rate, while wet spinning spandex is the opposite, with poor elastic elongation but better response rate. Therefore, when using different brands of spandex yarn, we must first understand its characteristics, and then appropriately adjust the amount of spandex yarn during weaving to avoid the phenomenon of spandex breaking due to weaving.
In addition, spandex is produced in different ways, and its structure is also different. Spandex looks like a single filament on the surface, but it is actually composed of multiple filaments. For example, Hyosung brand 4.4 tex (40 D) spandex consists of three monofilaments. If one of them is broken during weaving, it is not easy to find. This requires the worker to press the fabric hard on the opener and carefully check the fabric for small bright spots. If there is, there may be a spandex phenomenon.
Spandex is very sensitive to temperature, low temperature will reduce the strength of spandex, especially in the north, the workshop should maintain a certain temperature, before using the spandex, put the spandex in a place with a higher temperature, open the carton package, and let the spandex warm up first.
2 Weaving problems
In order to reduce the cost, some customers blindly shorten the span of spandex, so that the spandex filament in the fabric has too much tension and is easy to break during dyeing and finishing. Therefore, the span ratio of spandex to yarn is generally controlled at about 1:3.
Spandex damage can sometimes occur during weaving. This damage is imperceptible to the naked eye after the machine is removed, but the spandex breaks when dyed and finished. For example, the surface of the knitting needle is not smooth enough, which will scratch the spandex yarn, or the spandex yarn is not fed in the correct position, causing the tip of the knitting needle to pierce the spandex filament and damage the spandex, especially when weaving relatively thick spandex filament.
In addition, if the oil on the equipment drips onto the cloth, it must be handled in time, otherwise the spandex filament will break during dyeing and finishing.
3 Dyeing and finishing problems
Compared with ordinary knitted fabrics, the dyeing process of spandex plain knitted fabrics has more predetermined shape grey fabrics. The predetermined shape is that the grey fabrics are dyed according to the finished fabric width and g quality requirements and then set, and the process of spandex filament damage is great. Because the spandex temperature of spandex filament is about 135 ℃, if the setting speed and temperature of the setting machine are not good, the spandex phenomenon is easy to occur.
In addition, if the fabric is treated with biological enzymes, and then the fabric is reworked, the spandex phenomenon is also prone to occur during the dyeing and finishing process.
In short, there are many reasons for spandex breakage, but the predetermined shape of the grey fabric is the most critical, and the temperature and speed of shaping must be mastered. In addition, the width and the quality of the master should also be paid attention to. If the length of the yarn roll is long and the quality of the finished product is relatively light, we must appropriately lengthen the amount of spandex yarn when weaving, so that the spandex will not be damaged. In addition, once the process is determined, do not change the brand of spandex frequently, so as to ensure the quality of spandex. In addition, the determination of spandex content should not be based on other factories, but to explore their own experience according to their own use of spandex yarn
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Dust collectors are difficult to remove and easy to stop. Why do we have such a problem? After all, we came to the conclusion that most of the problems were caused by not adequately considering the nature of dust prior to design. Blindly, in order to reduce equipment investment, high filtration speed was selected. To choose a good bag filter, we must correctly understand and understand the relationship between dust removal efficiency and filtration speed, cleaning performance, and filtration resistance.
To know the bulk density or bulk density of the dust, that is, the weight per unit volume of dust. The unit volume includes the volume of the dust particles, the pores of the dust particles adsorbed on the surface of the dust particles, the air volume and the space between the dust particles. Knowing the bulk density of the dust and the characteristics of the bag filter is important for ventilation and dust removal because it is closely related to the dust removal performance of the dust.
Chemical and physical properties of dust-laden gases, such as moisture content, temperature, chemical composition and properties. The determination of these parameters is directly and indirectly related to the selection of additional dust removal measures and the selection of filtering wind speed. Dusty gases, if any, contain chemicals such as chlorides, which are often 'hygroscopic'. If no extra measures are taken, the dust bag may become "stuffed".
Dust particle size distribution. The particle size of dust is its basic characteristic. It is a composition consisting of particles of various sizes. Characterizing these aggregates by their average particle size alone is not sufficient.
Dust sticky. Viscosity is the mutual attraction between dust or dust and molecules on the surface of an object. The effect of viscosity is even more pronounced on baghouses, as dust collection efficiency and filtration resistance are largely dependent on the ability to remove dust from the filter media.
Henan Zhengzhou Jie Nengda Environmental Protection Equipment Co., Ltd. specializes in the production of various types of dust removal equipment, such as: various filter cartridge dust collectors, various series of baghouse dust collectors, integrated technology of dust removal and desulfurization, various dust removal accessories, etc., through years of experience accumulation And continuous development and innovation, the application of bag filter has a unique set of technologies, including the improvement of bag filter and the experience of dealing with some problems. Users are welcome to inquire and order. We will work with you to bring our environment together.
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Reasonable and advanced operation methods are an important prerequisite for improving knitting production efficiency and ensuring product quality.
first shift
The handover work of operators is to establish a normal production order, ensure the smooth progress of production, and ensure the quality of products is an important part of the process. Communicate information, clarify responsibilities, and watch together.
1. Requirements for shift operators:
(1) The workplace should be kept clean, and the spare yarn on all equipment should be controlled within the specified range;
(2) explain the operation of the equipment;
(3) Explain the changes of fabrics, change the color of varieties, and exchange raw materials;
(4) Fill in the grey cloth record card: item number, size, date, work number, origin of raw materials, batch number, weight.
2. Requirements for shift workers:
(1) Entering the job position at the specified time and making preparations for succession;
(2) Take the initiative to learn more about work production, equipment operation, process changes, variety changes and related matters;
(3) Carefully and meticulously check the operating status of the machine, and stop the inspection of the sub-station layout;
(4) Check whether there is any error in the origin or density of the raw material, whether the spool is wrong, whether the spool is skewed, whether there is oil, etc.
(5) Make a transfer record on the cloth.
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Figure 1 Disc part drawing
The disc-shaped parts have a large ratio of the length to the diameter of the parts, and the insufficient thickness of the parts results in poor rigidity and poor processingmanship. When machining parts, under the influence of cutting force, clamping force, cutting vibration and other factors, it is easy to process and deform, and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed.
Parts characteristics and processing difficulties
The disc gear parts are shown in Figure 1. The parts are titanium alloy TC4-R, the outer diameter of the parts is φ201 mm, and the total thickness of the parts is 9 mm. The surface of both ends of the part is respectively designed with a relief groove, one surface is uniformly provided with six fan-shaped relief grooves, and the other surface has two annular relief grooves, and the thickness of the middle portion of the part becomes 3 mm. The number of gear teeth is 400, the modulus is 0.5mm, and the gear accuracy grade is 6. This part has a length to diameter ratio of 1:67 and is a thin-walled part with the following characteristics:
(1) The wall thickness of the part is insufficient and the rigidity is poor. Under the action of clamping force or cutting force, the thickness of the part is not enough to resist the clamping force, and it is easy to deform, and the dimensional accuracy, shape and position accuracy, and gear precision cannot be achieved.
(2) The weight of the parts is heavy, the outer diameter is large and thin, and there are various relief grooves on both sides. The positioning, support, and stress point are small, and the positioning and clamping are difficult.
(3) Under the action of cutting force, especially axial force, vibration and deformation are easily generated, which affects dimensional accuracy, shape and position accuracy, gear precision and surface roughness.
Process measures and precautions
The design of the disc-shaped gear parts is analyzed, and the blank is processed to the finished parts. The material removal rate is more than 60%, and the material removal rate is large. If the residual stress release problem is not well handled, the part processing process is easy to be caused. Medium and post-processing deformation, which can not meet the design requirements.
In order to reduce the influence of part deformation on the machining accuracy, the process flow is divided into rough machining → aging → finishing → machining. Roughing is mainly to remove a large amount of each surface. The aging is to remove the residual stress of the finishing. The finishing of the positioning surface in the finishing process is a key process, and the process is prepared for the subsequent finishing and gear processing. The gear machining arrangement is carried out after finishing.
Each process of the process must consider the release stress and control the deformation of the part. At any stage, the control deformation is analyzed and considered as an important part of the part processing to ensure the machining accuracy of the part.
After the roughing has retained the finishing allowance, the basic structure of the part has been fully formed. Roughing is the remaining amount of finishing, and under the premise of ensuring the finishing requirements, the remaining amount is kept as much as possible to ensure that the finishing will not cause large deformation after removing the remaining amount. According to experience and practice, the outer circumference has a margin of 0.3 to 0.4 mm on one side and 0.15 to 0.2 mm on the end surface. At the same time, the flatness of the end face of the part is limited during roughing.
When finishing, the selection of the positioning reference and the machining accuracy are essential to ensure the accuracy of the part. Before any high-precision surface processing, you must first select and process the positioning reference. In order to ensure the accuracy of the 6-stage gear, the machining reference of the part and the machining reference of the gear should be considered to coincide; the positioning reference is stable and reliable; the fixture used in the positioning reference design has a simple structure and is easy to operate. According to these principles, this part selects a hole and an end face as the positioning reference. The φ71 mm stepped hole (reference A) and its end face (reference B) are design and assembly references, but the hole length is too short and the end face is too small. It is obviously not appropriate to use them as a positioning benchmark. Therefore, the φ65 mm hole is selected for positioning, the positioning surface is relatively long, and the through hole is good. The fixture is easy to manufacture and the loading and unloading parts are also convenient. However, the φ65 mm hole has a large tolerance and there is no geometric tolerance. Therefore, when using this hole as the positioning reference, the dimensional accuracy and the coaxiality of the design reference φ71 should be increased. According to the experience and the general hole tolerance of the test, according to the IT7 level, the coaxiality is not more than 0.005mm to eliminate the process standard. The error caused by the non-coincidence with the design basis. The selection of the positioning end face, because the two large end faces are multi-groove, not a complete plane, the shape accuracy is not high, and the gear accuracy grade is 6 grade, the tooth direction error is 0.006mm, so the end face of the positioning surface should be improved. The position tolerance shall be not more than 0.005 mm according to the practice flatness, the perpendicularity requirement of the end face to the positioning hole φ65 mm shall not exceed 0.005mm, and the parallelism of the reference plane B shall be not more than 0.005 mm, and at the same time according to the gear precision level. Check the table to select the jump value of the other end face of the part to the positioning hole. The φ65 mm hole and one large end face are selected as the positioning reference surface to ensure the standardization of finishing, gear machining, inspection and installation. Although the baseline was converted, the process took steps to meet the design requirements.
The precision of the parts is high. The processing of the finishing positioning holes and the positioning end faces is the key technology of machining, mainly by the fitter and the lathe. The fitter cooperates with the lathe to ensure the position tolerance of the positioning hole and the positioning end face of the part. Firstly, the positioning surface of the truck and a hole φ93 mm are required to be finished once, and then the machined end face is trimmed to ensure a flatness of 0.005 mm. The turner is positioned with the ground end face and φ93 mm, and the axial compression is φ65 mm. Φ71 mm, annular groove, end face and maximum outer diameter φ201 mm, requiring one-time machining. This ensures the dimensional tolerance requirements of the part.
It is worth noting that the machining process should reduce the cutting force, control the amount of cutting, and prevent the parts from vibrating. The clamping force is properly controlled. It is necessary to ensure that the parts are clamped and the parts cannot be deformed, so as to control the force of the parts during the clamping process. The deformation amount can be controlled by the method of end face type; the end face connection should avoid the assembly position, the part positioning and the pressing position; the flatness is 0.005mm, because it is not the design requirement, it is the requirement of the process, and it is not necessary to have the actual measurement. Data, as long as it can meet the final gear processing accuracy requirements. By tracking the scene, it is found that as long as the part positioning surface is pushed on the inspection platform, it is felt that there is uniform mutual suction, the flatness of the part can satisfy the processing precision of the subsequent parts, and the method of hitting the end surface on the platform can also be used. In conjunction with this test, this test method is easy to operate and easy to master.
While ensuring the necessary hardness and precision of the hobbing fixture, the design of the positioning surface and the pressing surface of the clamp is critical. According to the structure of the part, in order to eliminate the deformation caused by the unevenness of the positioning surface, the parts are accurately obtained. For reliable clamping, the annular solid surface near the root of the part is selected as the positioning and pressing position. Therefore, a large annular groove should be formed on the positioning end face and the pressing block of the clamp to allow the non-positioning part of the part to be removed, so that the weight of the clamp can be reduced and the clamp can be easily manufactured.
After the fixture is mounted on the hobbing machine, the fixture should be aligned. The positioning axis of the aligning fixture is concentric with the table; the positioning axis of the aligning fixture is perpendicular to the table; the positioning end of the aligning fixture is parallel to the table. Note that the radial runout of the clamp is no more than one-third of the radial runout requirement of the machined part. For fixtures with a long positioning part, it is necessary to correct two points and make the two points jump in the same direction so that the fixture is not perpendicular to the table. The end face jump of the clamp is determined according to the radius of the end face of the clamp support, and is generally 0.006 to 0.01 mm.
The installation of the parts is related to the accuracy of the processed gears, so the parts should be reliably fixed, and the outer diameter of the parts should be checked. It should be concentric with the fixture, and should not be deformed when the parts are clamped. The workpiece can be inspected by means of table. The clamping situation.
Due to the large gear modulus and high machining precision, the material of the parts is titanium alloy. This material has high strength, high hardness, impact resistance, easy hardening during processing, high cutting temperature and serious tool wear. It is difficult to process materials, and it is hard to use AA grade. Alloy hobs, and processed in multiple passes.
Table 1 Gear parameters and inspection items
It can be seen from Table 1 that by using the gear measurement function in the Quindos measurement software on the coordinate measuring machine, the measurement of the tooth direction, the tooth profile, the circumferential section error, the cumulative error of the circumference and the radial runout of the ring gear are completed at one time, and Measurement results can be output to meet user testing requirements.
The material of the parts is titanium alloy, the burr is tough and difficult to remove. It needs to sharpen the large burr and tooth surface bond under the magnifying glass with a sharp tool, then partially repair the light, and then use the conventional gear deburring method to deburr. Finally, it is treated with an ultrasonic cleaner so that the surface of the gear will be clean.
The above process has been applied in many batches of parts on site and has withstood the test. It solves the production problem for on-site production and processing. The qualification rate of parts can reach 99%. The conservative estimation of 300 pieces (including φ181 and φ201 gears) can create millions of economic benefits, and also accumulated experience in precision component processing.